"Como Socio, nos ayudas a darle salud al planeta"
Gaia es un orgulloso miembro de APASDEM.
Asociaciones Protectoras de Animales de México
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| | Azoteas Verdes Por: Cynthia Villalba | En las últimas décadas el crecimiento desmedido de las grandes ciudades debido a la concentración de la población en éstas ha generado la necesidad de buscar nuevos esquemas de desarrollo. Con alrededor de 3 millones de automóviles y cerca de 20 millones de habitantes, el área metropolitana de la Ciudad de México se ha convertido en un lugar difícil de habitar. En el 2004, el libro de Récords Guinness le otorgó el galardón de “La ciudad más contaminada del mundo” por sus altos niveles de dióxido de sulfur o, partículas suspendidas en el aire, monóxido de carbono y ozono, muy superiores a los recomendados por la OMS (Organización Mundial de la Salud). En esta ciudad, “La naturaleza” es un concepto lejano y difícil de cuantificar como proveedor de servicios de salud directos, como por ejemplo, la purificación del aire que respiramos. Las áreas verdes son manchas dispersas en la geografía de la Ciudad. Al aterrizar sobre el Aeropuerto Internacional se puede observar una espesa bruma gris que cubre una planicie de concreto interminable. La Ciudad de México es una ciudad gris. Historia El concepto de naturación urbana es usado desde la antigüedad con ejemplos como patios y huertos del año 2.600 AC en Egipto y Persia, los que se integraban a las viviendas para el cultivo, o los Jardines Colgantes de Babilonia del siglo, VI AC considerados una de las 7 Maravillas del Mundo Antiguo. Otro ejemplo es el Palacio de Bahi-Thakt en Schiras, India y el Palacio Venezi en Roma de 1467,.
Una aplicación más reciente se da en 1930 con el movimiento modernista liderado por el suizo Le Corbusier, quien planteó como uno de sus postulados la "cubierta jardín", un espacio funcional que equilibra producción floral con diseño arquitectónico. Posteriormente en 1950, el artista plástico y ecologista austriaco Hundertwasser, realizó algunas obras emblemáticas, convirtiendo, hasta nuestros días, a la naturación urbana en una característica común de la construcción en Alemania, Francia, Austria, Noruega, Suiza y otros países europeos. En Alemania, esta idea surgió con la intención de mejorar la protección contra el fuego, y en la actualidad se instalan cada año alrededor de 1 millón de metros cuadrados de azoteas verdes. 
Azoteas Verdes en la Cd. de México La ciudad de México con su aumento constante de la población ha disminuido considerablemente sus zonas ajardinadas al requerir mayor número de construcciones y vías de acceso, lo cual se suma al fenómeno de la isla de calor y al aumento de la contaminación y las partículas suspendidas creando un ambiente poco saludable. Hoy en día nuestra ciudad se enfrenta con la tarea de mejorar de manera perdurable y económica su situación bioclimática, conceptualizando al medio ambiente de la ciudad y sus alrededores como sistemas ecológicos. 
Del. Xochimilco Programa de Naturación de Azoteas.
Ejecución Universidad de Chapingo La naturación urbana puede llevarse a cabo a través de dos sistemas: la naturación directa en la cual por medio de la aplicación de un impermeabilizante contra raíces, una membrana geotextil y una capa de sustrato se puede plantar de manera directa sobre la superficie y la naturación indirecta en la cual la plantación se lleva a cabo en macetas, requiriendo de un impermeabilizante estándar reduciendo considerablemente los costos.
Beneficios Ambientales
* Captura de partículas suspendidas en el aire, como el plomo. Las cuales son fijadas en la planta para no reincorporarse a la atmósfera otra vez. * Intercambio de oxígeno y dióxido de carbono. A través del proceso de la fotosíntesis las plantas proveen de oxígeno a la atmósfera. * Disminución del efecto isla calor. A través de la absorción del calor y su evaporación, las Azoteas Verdes evitan que el inmueble se caliente y refleje el calor hacia su interior. Por lo que si todas las azoteas fueran “naturadas” generarían una disminución en la temperatura de la ciudad haciéndola más templada. * Retención del agua pluvial para su posterior evaporación, propiciando que el ciclo de agua no se interrumpa al no permitir que el agua se vaya al drenaje y se contamine. * Disminución de los problemas del drenaje debido a saturación por las aguas pluviales. Beneficios Económicos * Reducción de la necesidad de aire acondicionado debido a su aislamiento térmico. * Disminución del gasto en impermeabilización y mantenimiento de azoteas. * En algunos casos, el incremento del valor de la propiedad. * Aislamiento acústico. Beneficios Recreativos * Es un espacio verde para compartir con otros. Una Azotea Verde puede convertirse en un espacio de recreación para tu familia. * Puede convertirse en una fuente de relajamiento y liberación de estrés para las personas que tengan acceso a ella e inclusive para las personas que puedan contemplarla desde otros edificios. * Un espacio de salud mental y de salud corporal ya que contar con una Azotea Verde implica contar con un aire de mejor calidad, más puro y libre de contaminantes.
En los últimos años, la Ciudad de México se ha convertido en una jungla de concreto, estrés y violencia. Las áreas verdes han disminuido de 25 metros cuadrados en 1945 a 0.5 metros cuadrados por habitante en el 2004 (BIO). Reducir las áreas verdes significa reducir el consumo de dioxido de carbono, promover el incremento en la temperatura, y generar un foco de enfermedades, entre otros efecto que dañan la salud mental y corporal de la comunidad.
Sabemos que tenemos una gran misión por delante por lo que necesitamos de tu participación activa en la generación de “Ciudades más Verdes”, tema del Desarrollo Sustentable de la UNEP (United Nations Environment Program 2005). Por ello en GAIA te ofrecemos mayor información y orientación sobre que tipo de Azotea Verde te conviene según tu inmueble, presupuesto y objetivo. ¡Por un mundo más saludable,
verde y sustentable!
Si te interesa saber más sobre la naturación urbana te recomendamos consultes:
Gaia cuenta con el programa Xoxocalli (casa verde) que incluye cursos y talleres de azoteas verdes. Si estás interesado, visita: PROYECTOS >> Xoxocalli | |
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